Pharmachologic effect
Pharmacotherapeutic group: decongestant - alpha-adrenergic agonist
Pharmacological properties
Xylometazoline belongs to the group of local vasoconstrictors (decongestants) with alpha-adrenomimetic activity, causes constriction of the blood vessels of the nasal mucosa, thus eliminating swelling and hyperemia of the nasal mucosa, restores the patency of the nasal passages, facilitates nasal breathing.
The effect of the drug occurs a few minutes after its use and lasts up to 10 hours.
Pharmacokinetics
When applied topically, the drug is practically not absorbed, so its concentration in the blood plasma is very low (not determined by modern analytical methods).
Indications
It is used for acute respiratory diseases with rhinitis (runny nose), acute allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, eustachitis, hay fever, otitis media (to reduce swelling of the nasopharyngeal mucosa).
Preparation of the patient for diagnostic manipulations in the nasal passages.
Use during pregnancy and lactation
During pregnancy, the use of the drug is contraindicated.
During breastfeeding, the drug should be used only on prescription, after a thorough assessment of the risk-benefit ratio for the mother and child. It is not allowed to exceed the recommended dosage.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to xylometazoline and other components of the drug, arterial hypertension, tachycardia, severe atherosclerosis, glaucoma, atrophic rhinitis, hyperthyroidism, inflammatory skin diseases of the vestibule of the nose, surgical interventions on the meninges (in history), conditions after transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, children's age (up to 2 years - for 0.05% spray, up to 6 years for 0.1% spray), pregnancy.
Do not use simultaneously with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), tetra - and tricyclic antidepressants, other local vasoconstrictors (decongestants), as well as drugs that increase blood pressure. With simultaneous use with MAO inhibitors or within 14 days after the end of their use, an increase in blood pressure and heart rhythm disturbances are possible.
Carefully
Diabetes mellitus, porphyria, pheochromocytoma, diseases of the cardiovascular system (including coronary heart disease), prostatic hyperplasia, breastfeeding period. Hypersensitivity to adrenergic drugs, accompanied by insomnia, dizziness, arrhythmia, tremor, increased blood pressure.
Side effects
The frequency of adverse drug reactions is classified in accordance with the recommendations of the World Health Organization: Classification of the frequency of occurrence of adverse reactions: very often (≥1 / 10), often (≥1 / 100 - <1/10), infrequently (≥1 / 1000 - <1 / 100), rarely (≥1 / 10000 - <1/1000), very rarely (<1/10000), frequency unknown (it is impossible to estimate the frequency based on the available data).
From the immune system:
infrequently - hypersensitivity reaction (angioneurotic edema, skin rash, itching of the skin).
From the nervous system:
very rarely - nervousness, anxiety, insomnia, fatigue, drowsiness, lethargy (more often in children), hallucinations and convulsions (mainly in children), headache, dizziness, paresthesia (including paresthesia of the nasal mucosa);
the frequency is unknown - lethargy, apathy, tingling, depression (with prolonged use of high doses).
From the sense organs:
frequency unknown - visual impairment.
From the side of the cardiovascular system:
rarely - palpitations, tachycardia, increased blood pressure;
very rarely - arihythmia.
From the respiratory system:
often (with frequent and prolonged use) - irritation and / or dryness of the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx, burning of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, sneezing, hypersecretion of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity;
infrequently - swelling of the nasal mucosa, epistaxis;
very rarely - apnea in children and newborns.
From the digestive system:
rarely, nausea, vomiting.
Interaction
Do not use simultaneously with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), tetra - and tricyclic antidepressants, other local vasoconstrictors (decongestants), as well as drugs that increase blood pressure.
With simultaneous use with MAO inhibitors or within 14 days after the end of their use, an increase in blood pressure and heart rhythm disturbances are possible.
How to take, course of administration and dosage
Intranasally (in each nasal passage).
Spraying is carried out after removing the safety cap from the sprayer. The sprayer is introduced into the nose and, by pressing on its base, sprayed for 1 second.
For adults and children over the age of 6 years (0.1% spray): one injection from the nebulizer into each nasal passage, usually 3-4 injections per day are sufficient; should not be used more than 3 times
